Concepts
Ethics, law & frameworks/Communication & end-of-life · End of life

DNACPR / ReSPECT

What it means

A DNACPR decision means cardiopulmonary resuscitation will NOT be attempted if the heart/breathing stops — it addresses ONLY CPR, not other treatment (which continues as appropriate). It is a clinical decision (CPR need not be offered if it won't work), but must be discussed with the patient (or family if they lack capacity) unless that would cause serious harm. ReSPECT is a broader personalised emergency-care plan.

Worked example

A frail patient with metastatic cancer has a DNACPR form — but continues to receive antibiotics, fluids and full symptom control; only CPR is withheld.

In the exam

A patient with advanced incurable disease has a DNACPR decision documented; the family worry this means all treatment will stop.

What settles it

DNACPR applies ONLY to CPR — all other appropriate treatment continues; it is a clinical decision but requires discussion (not the patient's 'consent' to withhold a futile treatment).

Classically confused with

Withholding vs withdrawing treatment

Source: ReSPECT; GMC end-of-life