Fraser guidelines
What it means
The specific criteria for giving CONTRACEPTIVE (and sexual-health) advice/treatment to an under-16 without parental consent: the young person (1) understands the advice; (2) cannot be persuaded to tell their parents/allow the doctor to; (3) is likely to have sex with or without contraception; (4) their physical/mental health will suffer without it; (5) it is in their best interests to receive it without parental consent.
Worked example
A 15-year-old requesting the pill who understands the advice, won't involve her parents, and is likely to be sexually active anyway can be prescribed it if it is in her best interests — the Fraser criteria.
In the exam
A 15-year-old asks for contraception and refuses to involve her parents; the GP works through whether she understands, is likely to have sex regardless, and would suffer without it.
What settles it
Fraser is CONTRACEPTION-specific; Gillick is the broader competence to consent to treatment. Underage sexual activity also triggers safeguarding consideration (esp. if a partner is much older / coercion).
Classically confused with
Gillick competence
Source: Fraser guidelines (Gillick case)