Concepts
Health psychology/Defence mechanisms · Immature

Passive aggression

What it means

Expressing aggression toward others indirectly, through non-compliance, procrastination or inefficiency.

Worked example

A resentful employee chronically "forgets" tasks and turns up late rather than voicing complaint.

In the exam

Angry at being overlooked, an employee never openly objects but quietly misses deadlines, "forgets" instructions and arrives late.

What settles it

Passive aggression channels hostility indirectly. Acting out discharges it directly through overt (often destructive) behaviour.

Classically confused with

Acting out

Source: AMBOSS