Read the finding
Renal & urology · Pattern recognition
Read-the-urinalysis
5 findings. Cover the answers and work down the list — then flip it and predict the finding from the diagnosis.
Blood + protein + red-cell CASTSNephritic glomerulonephritis
Heavy proteinuria with a low albuminNephrotic syndrome
Nitrites and leucocytesUrinary tract infection
Dipstick blood but NO red cells on microscopyRhabdomyolysis (myoglobinuria)
Muddy-brown granular castsAcute tubular necrosis